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   <title>Validation Online Blog.</title>
   <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-online-blog.html</link>
   <description>Validation Online&#39;s site for cost effective documentation, compliant with USA (FDA), EU (MHRA) and cGXP requirements worldwide. </description>
   <language>en-us</language>
   <category >Validation Online</category>
   <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:53:49 GMT</pubDate>
   <lastBuildDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:53:49 GMT</lastBuildDate>
   <copyright>validation-online.net</copyright>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 11, Site Stats.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/site-stats.html</link>
    <description>Site Stats,</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:53:48 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 10, Combined IQ-OQ Protocol.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/Combined_IQ-OQ.html</link>
    <description>Combined IQ-OQ.  Put this equipmentvalidation protocol into use within minutes of downloading it.  Fully detailed &amp; interacive (bespoke or embedded software) Fast to use and highly cost effective.</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:17:21 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 9, Validation Online.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/index.html</link>
    <description>Validation Online for FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets.  Iinteractive Documents that are compliant with USA (FDA), EU, MHRA, WHO, and cGXP</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:19:03 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 9, Computer Validation (CV).</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/computer-validation.html</link>
    <description>Computer  Validation (CV) - FDA and GMP requirements for the USA &amp; Associated Markets.  GMP Documents from the VMP via the DQ, VRA, IQ &amp; OQ to the PQ.  </description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:04:08 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 8, Validation Master Plan (VMP).</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-master-plan.html</link>
    <description>Validation Master Plan (VMP).  FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets.  Fast cost effective documentation, compliant with USA (FDA), EU (MHRA) and cGXP requirements worldwide. </description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:58:29 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 8, User Requirements Specification. (URS)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/user-requirements-specification.html</link>
    <description>User Requirements Specification (URS) FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets, Compliant with USA (FDA), EU (MHRA) and cGXP requirements worldwide. </description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:55:48 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 8, Operational Qualification (OQ)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/operational-qualification.html</link>
    <description>Operational Qualification (OQ).  SOP for FDA and GMP requirements in Validation. Cost effective documentation, compliant with USA (FDA), EU,  MHRA, WHO, and cGXP requirements worldwide.  </description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:42:37 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Mar 8, Installation Qualification.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/installation-qualification.html</link>
    <description>Installation qualification.  FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets.Documents from the URS to the PQ.</description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:34:12 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 28, Autoclave Validation Documentation.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/autoclave-validation.html</link>
    <description>Autoclave Validation.  GMP &amp; regulatory compliant protocols from the URS to the PQ via the VP, DQ, VRA, IQ and OQ.  Templates and Bespoke ready to us documents for the Bio-Medical industries.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2010 17:45:20 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 24, Validation Risk Assessment (VRA).</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-risk-assessment.html</link>
    <description>Validation Risk Assessment (VRA) Scope.</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 15:30:19 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 20, Agency Reviewed Documents</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/agency-reviewed-documents.html</link>
    <description>Agency Reviewed Documents. A valuable second income for the validation professional. FDA vompliant documentation.</description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:37:31 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 17, Blocked Ear Wax</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/blocked-ear-wax.html</link>
    <description>Blocked Ear Wax requires Ear Wax Gone to painlessly, hygenically and swiftly remove the blocking ear wax. </description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 17 Feb 2010 14:09:31 GMT</pubDate>
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   <item>
    <title>Feb 16, Humidity Calibration &amp; Hygrometer Sensor Calibration</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/humidity-calibration.html</link>
    <description>Humidity Calibration &amp; Hygrometer Sensor Calibration.  FDA , MHRA, EC and WHO compliant documentation and materials for the calibration of moisture measurement. instruments</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 11:35:57 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 15, Shop</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/shop.html</link>
    <description>Shop &lt;meta HTTP-EQUIV=&quot;REFRESH&quot; content=&quot;0; url=http://quality.validation-online.net/index.html&quot;&gt;</description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 15 Feb 2010 14:26:01 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 13, EAR WAX REMOVAL.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/ear-wax-removal.html</link>
    <description>Ear Wax Gone,  Painless and Quick Ear Wax Removal.</description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 13 Feb 2010 10:09:16 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 11, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/Standard-Operating-Procedure.html</link>
    <description>Standard Operating Procedure for writing a Standard Operating Procedure.  A mandatory GMP requirement/</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2010 10:08:03 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Feb 11, Design Qualification (DQ)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/design-qualification.html</link>
    <description>Design Qualification (DQ) - Validation Online for FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets  -   Uniquely Interactive and Highly Cost Effective Documents.</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2010 09:55:17 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Jan 29, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/Good-Manufacturing-Practice.html</link>
    <description>Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) are mandated by the  FDA, MHRA, WHO and in general by  worldwide Bio-Med regulatory agencies.</description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2010 11:40:24 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Jan 27, Validation Online Blog.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-online-blog.html</link>
    <description>Validation Online&#39;s site for cost effective documentation, compliant with USA (FDA), EU (MHRA) and cGXP requirements worldwide. </description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2010 13:50:11 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Jan 7, Regulatory Authorities</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/regulatory-authorities.html</link>
    <description>Regulatory Authorities World Wide.</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2010 12:58:39 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Dec 17, Validation Requirements.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-requirements.html</link>
    <description>Validation Requirements.</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 11:31:58 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Dec 15, Asperger Syndrome.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/asperger-syndrome.html</link>
    <description>Asperger Syndrome.</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 09:44:01 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Dec 15, asperger</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/asperger.html</link>
    <description>Asperger Syndrome.</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 09:43:07 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Dec 3, Vendor Audit.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/vendor-audit.html</link>
    <description>Scope of Vendor Audit.  Fast Cost Effective Documents.</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 10:34:18 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 28, LAN Validation.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/LAN-validation.html</link>
    <description>LAN Validation.  Local Area Network Validation.</description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 17:34:46 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 27, Humidity and Hygrometer Calibration</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-online-blog.html#Humidity-and-Hygrometer-Calibration</link>
    <description>Humidity sensors require frequent calibration and continual monitoring, they are, along with pH sensors, the most prone to error sensors in general facility use. Where as most sensors measure to within (plus or minus) 1 and have extremely low drift rates.  Most competitively priced humidity sensors measure to within (plus or minus) 3 at mid range and 5-7 at the top and bottom of their ranges, and have a significant drift rate.

Where the humidity is controlled to protect a regulated product it is essential that your humidity sensor is not allowed to drift out of calibration.  Calibration periodicity should therefore start at 4/6 months and be extended as youre calibration history (trend analysis) establishes a justification for extending this period between calibrations.

Where the humidity is controlled for creature and equipment comfort and protection, it is false economy to not calibrate frequently.  These sensors do drift, and if in the AHU (air handling unit) this occurs, then the air will be over chilled, as the AHU attempts to remove an erroneous amount of moisture from the air.  This over-chilled air has then to be reheated for room use.  This can be extremely severe and add very considerable costs to the annual energy bill for each AHU.

Calibration Methods.
The normal cost of test equipment for the calibration of humidity sensors is around $10K.  This precludes most companies from setting up in-house calibration.  Subsequently this calibration is usually performed by an external calibration company.  However there are alternative calibration methods.
We have used certified saturated salts solutions for nearly twenty years and they are very reliable and, just like the column of water or mercury, they are basic standards.  The only variable is temperature.  So with your saturated solution and a temperature gauge you can calibrate any humidity sensor or hygrometer. 

VAISALA news
No humidity instrument stays accurate on its own. From time to time, the performance of these instruments must be checked against a reference.  When calibration is done in-house, the use of saturated salt solutions as a reference is a proven and affordable method.

National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
Saturated (or unsaturated) salt solutions, and certain other chemicals, can be used to generate an environment of a particular relative humidity in an enclosure.  Saturated salt solutions, with solid salt present, have the special property that a stable concentration is maintained - and hence a constant relative humidity - even if water migrates to or from the solution.

OMEGA Process and Measurement Control. 
Saturated Salt Solutions: A very convenient method to calibrate humidity sensors is the use of saturated salt solutions. At any temperature, the concentration of a saturated solution is fixed and does not have to be determined.

For further details regarding our Humidity and Hygrometer Calibration Kits Click Here.</description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:21:57 GMT</pubDate>
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    <title>Nov 26, Validation Manual</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-manual.html</link>
    <description>Validation Manual, Uniquely interactive and highly cost effective documents. </description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 14:58:01 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 18, FDA Warning Letters and Comments.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/FDA-warning-letters.html</link>
    <description>FDA Warning Letters and Comments.  Uniquely interactive and highly cost effective documents. </description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 18:32:25 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 18, SOP for cGMP Review</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/SOP-for-cGMP-review.html</link>
    <description>SOP for cGMP Review.  Uniquely Interactive and Highly Cost Effective Documents for FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets.</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 13:40:38 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 18, HVAC Qualification Documents</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/HVAC-qualification.html</link>
    <description>HVAC Qualification Documents.   FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 13:27:08 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 18, FMEA.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/FMEA.html</link>
    <description>FMEA for Bio-Med Risk Analysis.  FDA and GMP Requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets, VMP, DQ, VRA, IQ, OQ &amp; PQ Available.</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 13:24:28 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 18, Facilities Qualification </title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/facilities-qualification.html</link>
    <description>Facilities Qualification.  FDA and GMP requirements in the USA &amp; Associated Markets. Fast Cost Effective Documentation. </description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 13:19:35 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 11, Performance Qualification (P1Q)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/performance-qualification.html</link>
    <description>Performance Qualification (P1Q) Scope.</description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 17:02:31 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 9, Hardware Validation.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/hardware-validation.html</link>
    <description>Hardware Validation.</description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 14:06:42 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 5, Medical Device Reporting.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-online-blog.html#Medical-Device-Reporting.</link>
    <description>The FDAs Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) published a notice of draft guidance that will require all medical device adverse event reports to be submitted electronically. While the process of electronic submission of data is a more efficient and traceable means for reporting, it could prove to be a very long and challenging road for the average medical device manufacturer to transition from its current paper-based reporting process to an electronic reporting process.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ARE YOU READY FOR THIS?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 16:28:17 GMT</pubDate>
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   <item>
    <title>Nov 3, Unique Problem.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/unique-problem.html</link>
    <description>Unique Problem</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 14:38:26 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 3, Unique Process or Idea.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/unique-process-or-idea.html</link>
    <description>Unique Process or Idea.</description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 14:37:36 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Part 11. </title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/Part-11.html</link>
    <description>Part 11.  Validation Online&#39;s site for cost effective documentation, compliant with USA (FDA), EU (MHRA) and cGXP requirements worldwide. </description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:46:26 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Validation-Protocols</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/Validation-Protocols.html</link>
    <description>Validation-Protocols</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:18:44 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Validation Plan.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-plan.html</link>
    <description>Validation Plan an Introduction.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:15:24 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Validation Documentation an Introduction.  Validation Protocols &amp; GMP Documents.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-documentation.html</link>
    <description>Validation Documentation an Introduction.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:07:01 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Validation Documentation Matrix.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/validation-documentation-matrix.html</link>
    <description>Validation Documentation Matrix.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:05:47 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Temperature Mapping Techniques.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/temperature-mapping.html</link>
    <description>Temperature Mapping</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:01:02 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Steam Quality Testing</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/steam-quality.html</link>
    <description>Steam Quality Testing.  Fast Interactive Cost Effective Documentation.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:58:23 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Standard Operating Practice (SOP)</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/standard-operating-practice.html</link>
    <description>Standard Operating Practice for Writing SOP&#39;s for the Pharmaceutical Industries.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:53:20 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Special Operating Procedure.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/special-operating-procedure.html</link>
    <description>Special Operating Procedure&#39;s in the Pharmaceutical Industries. </description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:52:27 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, RISK INTERPRETATION IN VALIDATION</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/risk-interpretation.html</link>
    <description>RISK INTERPRETATION IN VALIDATION</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:48:24 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, RISK BASED VALIDATION.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/risk-based-validation.html</link>
    <description>RISK BASED VALIDATION.</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:47:33 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, PREDICATE RULES.</title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/predicate-rules.html</link>
    <description>PREDICATE RULES.  A simple easy to use compendium of cGMP predicate rules.  </description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:42:41 GMT</pubDate>
   </item>
   <item>
    <title>Nov 1, Pharmaceutical Validation. </title>
    <link>http://www.validation-online.net/pharmaceutical-validation.html</link>
    <description>Pharmaceutical Validation.  Free download SOP for Validation. Interactive protocol templates or bespoke validation documentation from VMP through VMP, URS, DQ, IQ, OQ,  to PQ. vmp, </description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 15:40:47 GMT</pubDate>
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